What differentiates osteoporosis from osteopenia?

The distinction between osteoporosis and osteopenia primarily revolves around bone mineral density (BMD). Osteopenia is characterized by lower than normal BMD, which indicates decreased bone strength; however, it does not reach the severity required for a diagnosis of osteoporosis. This means that individuals with osteopenia are at an increased risk of developing osteoporosis if no preventive measures are taken.

In contrast, osteoporosis represents a more advanced stage of bone density loss, where the bones become significantly weaker and more susceptible to fractures. This condition is often the result of prolonged mineral density loss and involves a greater degree of deterioration than osteopenia.

Understanding this difference is crucial for early intervention, as people diagnosed with osteopenia may have the opportunity to implement lifestyle changes or medical treatments to prevent further bone loss and reduce their risk of fractures.