What are the three energy systems used during exercise?

The three energy systems used during exercise are the phosphagen system, glycolytic system, and oxidative system.

The phosphagen system, also known as the ATP-CP system, provides immediate energy for short bursts of high-intensity activities such as sprinting or lifting heavy weights. This system relies on stored ATP and creatine phosphate, allowing for energy output for a duration of about 10 seconds.

The glycolytic system, or anaerobic glycolysis, comes into play when activities last from about 30 seconds to 2 minutes. It breaks down glucose without the need for oxygen, producing energy quickly but resulting in lactic acid as a byproduct, which can lead to fatigue.

Finally, the oxidative system is utilized for longer, sustained activities that require endurance, such as jogging or cycling over extensive periods. This system relies on aerobic metabolism, utilizing oxygen to convert carbohydrates, fats, and sometimes proteins into ATP. It provides the most ATP over longer durations compared to the other two systems.

Understanding these systems is crucial for designing effective training programs tailored to specific fitness goals and energy requirements of different exercises.